JavaScript operators and operator precedence

Operators Are the Grammar of Expressions

An operator takes one or more values and produces a new value. Mastering operators lets you write compact, readable expressions.

Arithmetic and Comparison

// arithmetic
5 + 3   // 8
10 % 3  // 1  (remainder)
2 ** 8  // 256 (exponent)

// comparison — always use ===
5 === 5    // true
5 === "5"  // false  (different types)
5 == "5"   // true   ← coerces types, avoid

Logical Operators and Short-Circuit

Logical operators don't always return true/false — they return one of their operands.

const a = null;
const b = "default";

a || b   // "default"  — returns b because a is falsy
a && b   // null       — returns a because a is falsy
a ?? b   // "default"  — nullish coalescing: only null/undefined triggers

Optional Chaining and Ternary

const user = null;
user?.profile?.avatar  // undefined — no error thrown

const role = isAdmin ? "admin" : "viewer";

Precedence

Multiplication binds tighter than addition: 2 + 3 * 4 is 14. When in doubt, use parentheses to make intent explicit — it costs nothing and eliminates ambiguity.